{"created":"2023-06-19T07:22:47.250914+00:00","id":1244,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"65bf8c70-1e0b-499e-b514-f4f9e7ee563d"},"_deposit":{"created_by":12,"id":"1244","owners":[12],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1244"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:miyazaki-mu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001244","sets":["11:44"]},"author_link":[],"item_4_biblio_info_12":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2018-03-09","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"1","bibliographicPageEnd":"204","bibliographicPageStart":"193","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"25","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"宮崎公立大学人文学部紀要","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of Miyazaki Municipal University Faculty of Humanities","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_4_description_10":{"attribute_name":"抄録(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) scores are important for international students when applying to colleges in the United States. Hence, international students spend much of their time studying and receiving extra academic support in order to obtain higher TOEFL scores. Additionally, TOEFL scores have been explored through gender; however, there is a lack of study to determine whether there is an improvement difference within gender. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether gender plays a role in higher pre and post TOEFL scores prior to and at the end of taking a TOEFL class. The mixed ANOVA was performed to answer the following research questions; 1) Is there a significant difference between students’ pre and post TOEFL tests?, 2) Is there a significant difference of TOEFL scores by genders?, 3) Is there an interaction between male and female students’ pre and post TOEFL test scores? The result indicated that there was a significant difference between pre and post TOEFL test scores; however, there was no significant difference between genders. Moreover, the interaction was not shown between male and female students’ pre- and post TOEFL test scores.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_4_description_15":{"attribute_name":"表示順","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_description_2":{"attribute_name":"ページ属性","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"P","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_description_8":{"attribute_name":"記事種別(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"論文","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"Article","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_source_id_1":{"attribute_name":"雑誌書誌ID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN10457429","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_4_source_id_19":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"13403613","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorAffiliations":[{"affiliationNames":[{}]},{"affiliationNames":[{}]}],"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"李, 世恩","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"リ, セウン","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"},{"creatorName":"LEE, Saeun","creatorNameLang":"en"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2019-03-25"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"25(1)_015_SLee.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"25(1)_015_SLee.pdf","url":"https://miyazaki-mu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1244/files/25(1)_015_SLee.pdf"},"version_id":"398eb32a-b239-4501-ad6a-8dafe09c22ca"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"TOEFL","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Pre- and Post test scores","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Gender","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"Improvement of pre- and post-tests and gender differences on TOEFL scores","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"Improvement of pre- and post-tests and gender differences on TOEFL scores","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"4","owner":"12","path":["44"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2019-03-25"},"publish_date":"2019-03-25","publish_status":"0","recid":"1244","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["Improvement of pre- and post-tests and gender differences on TOEFL scores"],"weko_creator_id":"12","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-10-24T02:31:04.082047+00:00"}