@article{oai:miyazaki-mu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000942,
 author = {林, 伸昭 and HAYASHI, Nobuaki},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {宮崎公立大学人文学部紀要, Bulletin of Miyazaki Municipal University Faculty of Humanities},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {In recent years, the lower-level skills and knowledge in ESL/EFL reading has been shed light on in the area of ESL/EFL reading research. Birch (2007) proposes that in recent years, whole language has been characterized as incomplete in that it seems to deemphasize certain aspects of reading and that supplementing whole language with a bottom-up focus can strengthen the whole language approach, making it truly holistic. Hudson (2007) suggests that becoming a successful second language reader involves overcoming language problems (i.e., bottom-up processing in second language reading) and reading problems (i.e., top-down processing in second language reading) Koda (2005) suggests that, whether it is in the first language (i.e., L1) or in the second language (i.e., L2), reading involves continual extraction and incremental integration of the text information. It is probable that lower-level processing (i.e., a word recognition skill; lexical knowledge; grammatical knowledge)plays vital roles in ESL/EFL reading. In this paper, we will reinvestigate the lower-level processing in ESL/EFL reading.},
 pages = {287--302},
 title = {Reinvestigating the Lower-Level Processing in ESL/EFL Reading},
 volume = {15},
 year = {2008},
 yomi = {ハヤシ, ノブアキ}
}